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Sγur Néstor Bogajo
Amur ameqran seg yimezdaγen n Tegzirin Tiknaṛiyen n zik llan ddren s tkessawt n lmal. Yuγ lḥal, d takessawt ay yellan tettakf-asen-d amur ameqran seg wayen ttetten, γas ma yella llan daγen ttṣeyyiden iselman yerna ttekksen-d igumma (lfakya) seg ugama (nature). Ala deg tegzirt n Tamaran (Gran Canaria) ay tegget tfellaḥt, wanag deg tegzirin niḍen akk n urexbil aknaṛi, d takessawt ay yellan tesseccay madden.
Iwanciyen (Iknaṛiyen n zik) llan kessen tiγeḍḍen, akraren akked yilfan, yerna llan sseqdacen akk ayen zemren seg tfekkiwin n yiγersiwen-a. Ttekksen-d seg-sen aksum akked uyefki (ayyes d-ttgen udi akked tkemmart [afeṛmaj]), am wakken ay d-ttekksen daγen seg-sen ayen ayyes d-ttgen tiγawsiwin ay sseqdacen deg tudert-nsen n yal ass-a (am yigelman, iγsan ed wustan).
Tiγeḍḍen
Aṭas n lateṛ ay d-nufa γef tγeḍḍen deg Tegzirin Tiknaṛiyin, yerna aya yesskanay-d d nitenti ay d iγersiwen ay llan kessen Yiwanciyen s waṭas, zik-nni. Nnig waya, ula d inagan n zik ay d-yuran γef Yiwanciyen, nnan-d ineggura-a kessen aṭas n tγeḍḍen-d. Deg wedlis n « Le Canarien », nezmer ad nγer :
« Deg tezgrit-nni [n Fuerteventura] llant aṭas n tγeḍḍen, yerna ad tent-tafeḍ ttuṛebbant neγ d tiweḥciyin, yerna seg wass-a d asawen, zemrent ad d-ttwaṭṭfent ugar n 30.000 yal aseggas, yerna ad yemmecc weksum-nsent, ed ad yettusseqdec weglim-nsent ed tassemt-nsent ; aksum n tγeḍḍen-a d azedgan, d aleqqaq yerna d aẓidan ugar n win n wakraren-nneγ » [Le Canarien – tizi n 1420]
Ar ass-a, imassanen ufan-d snat n ccetlat n tγeḍḍen ay llan kessen-tent Yiwanciyen: yiwet n ccetla tella tesεa acciwen mqaraben, nettat ur εlayet aṭas, timaẓẓagin-nnes d timecṭuḥin, yerna tella tezmer i tikli n waṭas akked ubeddel n wemkan ; ccetla niḍen n tγeḍḍen tella tesεa timaẓẓagin-nnes d timeqranin ugar, acciwen-nnes mfaraqen, yerna, γef wakken nettwali, llan kessen-tt Yiwanciyen ay izedγen γef yiri n yilel (lebḥeṛ), deg tnezduγin turkidin [Arco y Navarro, (1987) Los aborígenes. CCPC. (Historia Popular de Canarias, 1). 1996: 42].
Iwanciyen llan γγaren-asent i tγeḍḍen, s ujemmal, « aγaḍ », d acu kan, llan ttakfen ismawen yemgerraden i tγeḍḍen, γef leḥsab n tiddi-nsent (taille), γef leḥsab n leεmeṛ-nsent, n yiniten-nsent (llwan) neγ γef wayen niḍen [akken ay ttakfen Yeqbayliyen ismawen yemgerraden i tbexsisin, neγ, akken daγen ay ttaken Yimucaγ ismawen yemgerraden i yileγman, γef leḥsab n yiniten-nsen].
Ass-a, nessen deg Tegzirin Tiknaṛiyin kraḍ (3) n ccetlat n tγeḍḍen ay d-yefrurin seg tγeḍḍen-nni tineṣliyin n tegzrin-a qbel ad tent-id-kecmen Yespenyuliyen, d acu kan, ccetlat-a tiqburin, akken ma llant, negrent seg Teknaṛiyin. Snat n tγeḍḍen (ttwaselxent, sakkin sneṭḍen aglim-nsent γef yiqulab) nezmer ad tent-id-naf rsent deg Usalay Aknaṛi (El Museo Canario). Tiγeḍḍen-a kkant-d seg Caldera de Taburiente, deg tegzirt n La Palma. Yella daγen yiwen n uqelwac seg ccetla-a taqburt (ula d netta yettwaslex) ay nezmer ad t-naf deg Usalay n temdint n Funchal, deg tegzirin n Madeira (Portugal). Yuγ lḥal, γas ma yella tigzirin n Madeira ur llint deg-sent tγeḍḍen, zik, maca deg lqern wis XV, uwyen γer-sent Wuṛufiyen kra seg tγeḍḍen tiqburin n Tegzirin Tiknaṛiyin. Ccetla taqburt n tγeḍḍen tiknaṛiyin tessaweḍ ad tedder deg tegzirin n Madeira ar ass-a, ladγa deg snat n tegzirin timecṭuḥin n Las Desertas. D acu kan, γef wakken ay d-nnan Tejera ed Capote (* - 2005), adabu n Madeira la iεerreḍ amek ara yessenger tiγeḍḍen-a seg tegzirin-nni i wakken ad iḥudd yiwen n ṣṣenf n yegḍaḍ n yilel umi γγaren « Pterodroma feae ».
(*) Tejera Gaspar, Antonio, y Juan Capote Álvarez. 2005. Colón y La Gomera. La colonización de "La Isabela" (República Dominicana) con animales y plantas de Canarias. Tenerife: CCPC. (Taller de Historia).
Akraren
Idlisen ay d-yessawlen γef wakraren n Tegzirin Tiknaṛiyin, gren tamawt i yiwet n tγawsa ay d-ijebbden lwelha: akraren-a llan ur sεin aṭas n taḍuft ala deg tseḍḍa. Yuγ lḥal, llan ttbanen-d amzun ttwallsen, yerna, war ccek, aṭas seg yibeṛṛaniyen ay ten-yeẓran, zik, γilen, ahat, d tiγeḍḍen. Yezmer lḥal, kra seg wid ay d-yuran γef Tegzirin Tiknaṛiyin n zik, nnan-d ẓran ala tiγeḍḍen deg kra seg tegzirin-a, yili, ahat, ad ilin ẓran ula d akraren, maca imi ur sεin taḍuft (am wid n Tuṛuft), imeskaren-a (auteurs) ḥesben-ten d tiγeḍḍen. D acu kan, Juan de Abreu Galindo ur d-yeγli deg tefxet-a asmi ay yura adlis-nnes n Historia:
« Deg tegzirt-nni, ttṛebbin tiγeḍḍen akked yiwet n ccetla n wakraren ur nesεi taḍuft, wanag sεan cceεṛ d alewwaγ am win n tγeḍḍen, yerna d imeqranen; …” [Abreu (ca. 1590, III, 1) 1977: 261].
Ccetla-a n wakraren tella tettcabah akraren icaεen deg Tefriqt n Ugafa. S waya, yezmer lḥal akrar n Tegzirin Tiknaṛiyin ad yili yekka-d seg ccetla n wekrar aqbur n Tefriqt n Ugafa (Ovis palaeoegyptiaca), yerna ccetla-a taneggarut mazal-itt ar ass-a tella deg tmiwa n Ssaḥel (seg Ityupya arma d Muriṭanya). [Meco Cabrera, Joaquín. 1992. Los ovicaprinos paleocanarios de Villaverde. Diseño paleoontológico y marco paleoambiental. Tenerife: Dirección General de Patrimonio Histórico del Gobierno de Canarias.]
Iwanciyen iqburen llan sseqdacen aṭas n wawalen i wekrar : deg Tenerife, lla, γγaren-as “haña” (hanza) ; deg Tamaran
(Gran Canaria), γγaren-as “tahatan”, yerna akraren-nni ur nesεi taḍuft, γγaren-asen « aridaman ». Isem-a aneggaru yejbed-d lwelha-nneγ imi ula deg tmaceγt n Nijir ed Mali, akrar ur nesεi taḍuft γγaren-as « idaman ».
Nnig waya, ula deg tespenyulit ay ssawalen, ass-a, Yeknaṛiyen, ggran-d aṭas n yismawen imaziγen n wekrar, d ismawen yettemgerraden γef leḥsab n ṣṣifa n wekrar-nni, akken yella lḥal, daγen, akked tγeḍḍen. Γef umedya, deg tegzirt n El Hierro, « ambracafiranca » neγ « ambracasaca » d ismawen ay ttakfen i wakraren γef leḥsab n yiniten-nsen (llwan). Deg tespenyulit n tegzirt n Tenerife, akrar γγaren-as daγen “ara” neγ “hara” [d awal iqerben γer akrar]. Awalen-a ay d-yeggran deg tespenyulit n Teknaṛiyin sskanayen-d azal ay yella yesεa-t wekrar deg tudert n yal ass γer Yeknaṛiyen.
Ilfan
Anadi asenzik (archéologique) yufa-d lateṛ n tkessawt n yilfan deg wakk Tigzirin Tiknaṛiyin. Nnig waya, llan ula d imeskaren (auteurs) iqburen ay d-yuran Iknaṛiyen yellan ttbeddilen imukan-nsen n tnezduγt, llan ttawyen yid-sen ula d ilfan. D acu kan, ile fur yesεi azal ameqran, deg tudert n Yeknaṛiyen, akken ay t-sεan wakraren akked tγeḍḍen.
Ar ass-a, werεad nessin amur ameqran seg ccetlat n yilfan ay llan kessen-tent Yeknaṛiyen iqburen. Ma neqqel γer yedlisen iqburen, ad naf Iknaṛiyen n tegzirt n Tamaran (Gran Canaria) llan kessen ilfan d imellalen, ma d ilfan n La Palma, sεan initen (llwan) ixelḍen. Ma deg tama n Icod (deg tegzirt n Tenerife), imassanen ufan-d iγsan ed lateṛ n yilfan n tẓegwa, deg wakud aydeg deg tama n Guayadeque (deg Tamaran), ufan-d yiwet n ccetla n yilfan n Yilel Agrakal, texleḍ gar ccetlat n Asya ed tid n Tuṛuft [Arco Aguilar, Mª del Carmen del, y Juan Francisco Navarro Mederos. 1996 (1987). Los aborígenes. CCPC. (Historia Popular de Canarias, 1).]
Ilfan iqburen n Tegzirin Tiknaṛiyin (wid yettwassnen qbel ad d-kecmen Yespenyuliyen), qqimen tteddren gar yemdanen ed tẓegwa arma ay d lqern wis 20 deg tegzirin n El Hierro ed La Gomera. Iγersiwen-a llan “sεan timeγlin [uglan ay d-itteffγen seg yimi n yilef] yerna aglim-nsen d aberkan. D lateṛ seg yilef-nni aqbur aneṣli ay d-yeggran, deg tezwara n yiseggasen n 1980, deg tegzirt n La Palma”. (Tejera y Capote 2005: 47).
Iwanciyen sεan aṭas n yismawen ayyes γγaren i yilef. Isem yettwassnen deg qrib akk tintalyin (dialects) tiknaṛiyin netta d “ilfe” (ilef), d win ay d-nufa ama deg tegzirt n Fuerteventura, ama deg Tamaran (Gran Canaria) neγ deg Lanzarote. Deg Tamaran, yella daγen wawal ‘taquazen’ (taghazzènt [war ccek yekka-d seg wemyag « eγz »), d amaγun unti (participe féminin) yeqqnen γer unamek n “ufettec”, imi ilef “yettfettic” akal.
Deg tgara, yessekf ad d-nesmekti dduṛ ay yella yetturar-it uγersiw-a deg tudert n yimezdaγen ineṣliyen n tegzirt n El Hierro. Imezdaγen-a llan γγaren-as i yilef “aranfaybo” (neγ aramfayboz), neγ “win ay d-yesseγlayen ageffur”, yerna, asmi ara iεeḍḍel ugeffur akken ad d-iwet, llan ttaznen argaz yesεan amkan imqeddes γer-sen, ad yeddu γer wesgen n yilef, deg teẓgi, akken ad t-yetter ad as-yini i uyuc (divinité) ad ifak fell-asen tallit-nni n takewt.
Sγur Néstor Bogajo
Tasuqilt : Omar Mouffok (Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen – www.imedyazen.com)
Taγbalut: http://www.mundoguanche.com/portada/articulo.php?id_articulo=134&idtipo=28&id=11
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